Rizartrosis
Rizarthrosis is a condition that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of people who suffer from it, as it can make it difficult to perform daily activities such as: grasping objects, writing, opening jars and executing precise movements with the thumb.
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What is rhizarthrosis?
Rhizothrosis, also known as osteoarthritis of the base of the thumb, is a degenerative disease that affects the trapezium-metacarpal joint (TMC). This condition is characterized by progressive wear and tear of the articular cartilage, which generates pain, inflammation, stiffness, and limitation in the mobility of the thumb.
Rhizarthrosis is more common in women and is usually related to aging, repetitive use of the thumb, and genetic factors. In rhizarthrosis, the articular cartilage becomes thinner and rougher, causing friction and wear and tear on the joint. Over time, this can lead to the formation of osteophytes (bony growths), changes in the shape of the joint, and involvement of surrounding ligaments.
Causes of Rhizarthrosis
The most common causes of rhizarthrosis are:
Repetitive use of the thumb
Activities that involve repetitive thumb motions, including frequent typing, using hand tools, or performing household chores, increase the risk of rhizarthrosis.
Aging
As we age, the gradual wear and tear of articular cartilage increases the risk of developing rhizarthrosis. Older age is a major risk factor for this condition.
Genetic factors
Certain genes may be associated with an increased risk of developing rhizarthrosis. People with a family history of rhizarthrosis are more likely to develop it at some point in their lives.
Previous injuries
Injuries to the trapezio-metacarpal joint, such as sprains or fractures, could increase the risk of rhizarthrosis in the future.
Hormonal factors
Some studies suggest that hormonal changes (such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause) may also influence the development of rhizarthrosis.
Symptoms of Rhizarthrosis
The signs of rhizarthrosis can vary from person to person. However, most experience one or more of the following symptoms:
- Pain at the base of the thumb.
- Stiffness and limitation of thumb movement.
- Swelling at the base of the thumb.
- Deformity in the area (bump or thickening at the base of the thumb).
- Decreased strength that affects grip and ability to perform activities that require strength in the affected hand.
Diagnostic process - What to do in the event of a symptom?
Because rhizarthrosis is a form of osteoarthritis that affects the base of the thumb, the diagnostic process usually involves the following steps:
- Symptom assessment: Your doctor will perform a symptom assessment and ask you questions about your medical history and any previous injuries to your hand or thumb.
- Physical exam: Physical examination of the affected hand and thumb includes evaluation of mobility, strength, and sensation in the trapezius-metacarpal joint.
- Radiographs: X-rays are a commonly used tool to diagnose rhizarthrosis. X-ray images can show wear and tear on articular cartilage, the presence of bone spurs, or other changes in the joint.
- Synovial fluid analysis: Occasionally, your doctor may recommend a synovial fluid test from the affected joint. This is done using a technique called joint aspiration, in which a sample of fluid is removed for laboratory analysis.
Treatments for Rhizarthrosis
Although there are several treatments available for rhizarthrosis or osteoarthritis of the thumb, it is important to note that the approach can vary depending on the severity of symptoms and the individual needs of each person.
Conservative treatment
This approach is based on nonsurgical measures and may include one or more of the following:
- Rest and protection of the affected joint.
- Applying ice to reduce inflammation.
- Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and inflammation.
- Physical therapy to improve the strength and mobility of the hand and thumb.
- Use of splints or braces to immobilize or stabilize the joint during activities that may worsen symptoms.
- Occupational therapy to learn techniques and accommodations that make daily activities easier.
Drugs
In some cases, stronger medications, such as opioid pain relievers or corticosteroid injections, may be prescribed to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
Shockwave therapy
This treatment uses high-energy sound waves to stimulate healing and reduce pain in the affected joint.
Surgery
When conservative treatments are not effective, surgery may be considered. Some common surgical procedures include arthroplasty (joint replacement) or arthrodesis (fusion of the bones in the joint).
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