Lumbar sacral pain affects millions of people worldwide. It is the main cause of incapacity for work between the ages of 15 and 59. In Colombia, it represents 12% to 22% of the diagnoses reported by the EPS.
This pain can be acute, chronic, or subacute. Its intensity varies according to the postures and the physical activity performed. Only 12% to 15% of patients know the exact cause of their low back pain.
Factors such as heavy loads and use of power tools are associated with severe low back pain . Some research suggests a link between low back pain and morbid obesity . However, there is still no consensus on this.
This guide will help you relieve your lumbar sacral pain effectively. You will find information on causes, symptoms, diagnosis and comprehensive treatment. Find out how to improve your quality of life and say goodbye to lower back pain.
Causes and Symptoms of Lumbar Sacral Pain
Lumbar sacral pain affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding its causes and symptoms can help you find the right treatment. Thus, you will be able to relieve your discomfort effectively.
Factors that contribute to lumbar sacral pain
Several factors can increase the risk of developing lumbar sacral pain. Knowing them will help you prevent and treat it better.
- Intense physical work involving heavy lifting and forced postures
- Exposure to vibrations, such as the use of hydraulic drills and power tools
- Obesity, which puts extra pressure on the spine and joints
- Smoking, especially in people younger than 45
- Pregnancy, due to hormonal changes and weight gain
Psychological factors also play an important role. Depression, anxiety, and work stress can contribute to lower back sacral pain.
Common symptoms associated with lumbar sacral pain
The symptoms of sacral lumbar pain can vary between people. However, there are some that are more common.
- Dull, constant pain in the lower back
- Lumbar muscle stiffness and tension
- Limitation of movement of the spine
- Pain radiating to the buttocks and legs (sciatica)
- Muscle weakness, numbness , and tingling in the legs and feet (in cases of root involvement)
| Age | Percentage of people affected by low back pain |
|---|---|
| 30-50 years | Increased risk due to age-related body changes |
| Over 60 years of age | More than 50% are affected by low back pain |
In the United States, 80% of people suffer from lower back pain. This is the most common problem that causes occupational disability.
Low back pain generates a considerable expense for health systems. It also causes a significant loss of working days.
If you have persistent sacral low back pain, seek medical attention. An accurate diagnosis will help you get the right treatment.
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Lumbar Sacral Pain
Accurate diagnosis of lumbar sacral pain is crucial for effective treatment. It involves a physical exam and imaging tests. This helps identify the cause and develop a strategy to relieve the pain.
Physical exam to identify the source of the pain
The physical exam includes several evaluations to determine the source of the pain. Palpation, mobility tests and muscle strength evaluation are performed. Specific tests such as straight leg raises are also done.
One study showed that 40% of patients developed symptoms in the sacroiliac joint after lumbar fusion. At five years, 75% presented degenerative changes in this joint. This underscores the importance of a detailed physical examination.
Imaging tests
Imaging tests are crucial for evaluating lumbar sacral pain. The X-ray may reveal damage to the sacroiliac joint. MRI evaluates soft tissues, discs, and nerve roots.
The CT scan shows bone details and rules out fractures. A bone scan detects inflammatory, infectious, or tumor processes in the bone.
| Image | Usefulness in the diagnosis of lumbar sacral pain |
|---|---|
| Radiography | May show signs of sacroiliac joint damage |
| MRI | Evaluates damage to soft tissues, intervertebral discs, and nerve roots |
| CT scan | Provides bone detail and helps rule out bone fractures or injuries |
| Bone | It can detect inflammatory, infectious, or tumor processes in the bone |
Injections of anesthetics into the sacroiliac joints are for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. If the pain subsides, its origin in these joints is confirmed. A 75% relief confirms the diagnosis of sacroiliac pain.
Between 15% and 30% of patients with low back pain have sacroiliac joint pain. A comprehensive approach is essential to identify the cause and develop personalized treatment.
Comprehensive treatment for lumbar sacral pain
Treatment of low back sacral pain relieves symptoms and addresses the cause. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) control pain and inflammation. According to Machado (2017), NSAIDs reduce pain by 6.4 points out of 100.
In severe cases, non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxants are prescribed. Shaheed (2016) indicates that they provide 21.3 points of benefit in acute pain. Antidepressants or medications for neuropathic pain are also used.
Physical therapy is essential in the management of lumbar sacral pain. It includes stretching, strengthening, and postural correction exercises. Exercise improves muscle tone and releases endorphins.
Local heat or cold relieves symptoms. Corticosteroid injections reduce inflammation, but are limited annually. Surgery is uncommon, but includes radiofrequency denervation and sacroiliac arthrodesis.
Lifestyle changes are crucial. It is recommended to maintain a healthy weight, not to smoke and to adopt good posture. Home remedies include local heat, massage, and gentle stretching.
Yoga and mindfulness help manage stress. Most cases resolve in 4-6 weeks with comprehensive treatment and changes in habits.
FAQ
What are the main causes of lumbar sacral pain?
Low back pain has a variety of causes. These include muscular, degenerative, inflammatory, and neurological problems. They can also be metabolic or neoplastic. Each type has specific symptoms and treatments.
What risk factors are associated with severe low back pain?
Several factors increase the risk of severe low back pain. Repeated heavy lifting is a common factor. Using power tools and driving vehicles can also cause problems.
Smoking, especially in people under 45 years of age, is another factor. Multiple pregnancies can also lead to low back pain.
What are the most common symptoms of lumbar sacral pain?
Low back pain is usually dull and constant. Muscle stiffness and tension are common. Spinal mobility may be limited.
Sometimes, the pain spreads to the buttocks and legs. In cases of sciatica, there may be stabbing or burning pain. Muscle weakness and tingling may also appear in the legs and feet.
What tests are performed to diagnose lumbar sacral pain?
The doctor examines the hip and buttocks to find the source of the pain. Move your legs to assess your sacroiliac joints. It also checks spinal mobility, muscle strength , and sensation.
Imaging tests such as X-rays and MRIs help determine the cause. Bone scans and scans may also be helpful.
What is the treatment for lumbar sacral pain?
Treatment varies depending on symptoms and cause. It may include pain relievers, anti-inflammatories , and physical therapy. Corticosteroid injections are helpful in some cases.
Lifestyle changes are critical. Maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly help. Avoiding tobacco and adopting correct postures is also important.
What can I do at home to relieve lumbar sacral pain?
There are several effective home remedies. Applying local heat and massaging can relieve pain. Gentle stretches and lumbar supports also help.
Yoga and meditation can reduce stress. Maintaining proper posture is crucial. Avoid heavy lifting and use firm rest surfaces.
